汽車起動系的(de)定義及工作原理(li)

　　要使(shi)(shi)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機由靜止狀(zhuang)態過渡到工(gong)作(zuo)狀(zhuang)態，必須先用外(wai)力轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機的(de)曲(qu)軸，使(shi)(shi)活(huo)塞作(zuo)往復(fu)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，氣缸內的(de)可燃(ran)混合(he)氣燃(ran)燒膨脹(zhang)作(zuo)功，推動(dong)(dong)(dong)活(huo)塞向下運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)使(shi)(shi)曲(qu)軸旋轉(zhuan)。發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機才(cai)能自行運(yun)轉(zhuan)，工(gong)作(zuo)循環才(cai)能自動(dong)(dong)(dong)進行。因(yin)此(ci)，曲(qu)軸在外(wai)力作(zuo)用下開始轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)到發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機開始自動(dong)(dong)(dong)地(di)怠速運(yun)轉(zhuan)的(de)全過程，稱為發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機的(de)起(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)。完成起(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)過程所需的(de)裝(zhuang)置，稱為發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機的(de)起(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)系。

　　發動機起動原理 汽車空調壓縮機配件

    要使(shi)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)由靜止(zhi)狀(zhuang)態過渡到(dao)(dao)工作(zuo)狀(zhuang)態，必須(xu)用(yong)(yong)外力(li)轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)曲軸，使(shi)氣缸內吸入(或(huo)形(xing)成)可燃混合(he)氣并燃燒膨脹，工作(zuo)循環才能自動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)進(jin)行。曲軸在外力(li)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)下(xia)開(kai)始(shi)(shi)轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)到(dao)(dao)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)開(kai)始(shi)(shi)自動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)地怠速運轉的(de)(de)全(quan)過程，稱為(wei)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)方法很多(duo)，汽車(che)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)常用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)電動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)是用(yong)(yong)電動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)作(zuo)為(wei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)，當將電動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)軸上的(de)(de)齒輪(lun)與發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)飛輪(lun)周緣的(de)(de)齒圈(quan)嚙(nie)合(he)時，動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)就傳到(dao)(dao)飛輪(lun)和曲軸，使(shi)之(zhi)旋轉。電動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)本身(shen)又(you)用(yong)(yong)蓄電池(chi)作(zuo)為(wei)能源(yuan)。目前絕大(da)多(duo)數汽車(che)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)都采用(yong)(yong)電動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。

　　汽車起(qi)動(dong)機的控制(zhi)裝置(zhi)包括電磁開(kai)關(guan)、起(qi)動(dong)繼電器和(he)點火起(qi)動(dong)開(kai)關(guan)等部件，其(qi)中電磁開(kai)關(guan)于起(qi)動(dong)機制(zhi)作(zuo)在(zai)一起(qi)。

　　電磁開關結構特(te)點： 

    電(dian)磁開關(guan)主要由電(dian)磁鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)機構和(he)(he)電(dian)動(dong)機開關(guan)兩部分組(zu)成。電(dian)磁鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)機構由固定(ding)(ding)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)心、活動(dong)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)心、吸引線圈(quan)和(he)(he)保持(chi)線圈(quan)等組(zu)成。固定(ding)(ding)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)心固定(ding)(ding)不動(dong)，活動(dong)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)心可(ke)以在銅(tong)套(tao)里做軸向(xiang)移(yi)動(dong)。活動(dong)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)心前端固定(ding)(ding)有推桿(gan)，推桿(gan)前端安裝有開關(guan)觸盤，活動(dong)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)心后(hou)段用調(diao)節(jie)螺釘和(he)(he)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)銷與撥叉連(lian)接(jie)(jie)。銅(tong)套(tao)外面安裝有復(fu)位彈(dan)簧，作用是(shi)使活動(dong)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)心等可(ke)移(yi)動(dong)部件復(fu)位。電(dian)磁開關(guan)接(jie)(jie)線的端子的排列示 

    電磁開關工作原理： 行星盤、斜盤

    當吸(xi)引線圈和(he)保持線圈通(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)產生的(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)通(tong)(tong)方向相(xiang)(xiang)同時，其電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)吸(xi)力相(xiang)(xiang)互疊加(jia)，可以(yi)吸(xi)引活動(dong)(dong)鐵心向前移(yi)動(dong)(dong)，直到推(tui)桿前端(duan)的(de)(de)觸(chu)盤(pan)將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)開(kai)關觸(chu)點接(jie)通(tong)(tong)勢電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機主(zhu)電(dian)(dian)路接(jie)通(tong)(tong)為止。 當吸(xi)引線圈和(he)保持線圈通(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)產生的(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)痛方向相(xiang)(xiang)反時，其電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)吸(xi)力相(xiang)(xiang)互抵消，在(zai)復位(wei)彈簧(huang)的(de)(de)作(zuo)用下，活動(dong)(dong)鐵心等可移(yi)動(dong)(dong)部(bu)件自動(dong)(dong)復位(wei)，觸(chu)盤(pan)與觸(chu)點斷開(kai)，電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機主(zhu)電(dian)(dian)路斷開(kai)。

　  汽車(che)起動(dong)系常見故障

　　汽(qi)車起動(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)主要由起動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)和起動(dong)(dong)(dong)控制電路所組成，其故障有(you)(you)機(ji)械方面的，也有(you)(you)電器(qi)方面的。常見(jian)的故障現(xian)象有(you)(you)起動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)不(bu)轉(zhuan)，起動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)運(yun)(yun)轉(zhuan)無力，起動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)空(kong)轉(zhuan)而(er)發動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)不(bu)能啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)，發動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)后起動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)運(yun)(yun)轉(zhuan)不(bu)停，驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)齒(chi)輪與飛輪齒(chi)圈(quan)不(bu)能嚙合且有(you)(you)異響等。

　  起(qi)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)不(bu)(bu)轉一般有(you)以(yi)下幾種原(yuan)因： 1．蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池嚴重(zhong)虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)不(bu)(bu)足導(dao)(dao)致不(bu)(bu)轉。 2．導(dao)(dao)線(xian)連接處接觸(chu)(chu)(chu)不(bu)(bu)良(liang)，車輛顛簸造成(cheng)接頭松動(dong)(dong)或接頭處氧化(hua)污(wu)損。 3．起(qi)動(dong)(dong)開關(guan)損壞。 4．繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)故(gu)障。起(qi)動(dong)(dong)線(xian)路中有(you)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)或組合繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的起(qi)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)，繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)故(gu)障會導(dao)(dao)致起(qi)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)不(bu)(bu)轉。繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)點(dian)氧化(hua)污(wu)損，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)開關(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路無法接通；觸(chu)(chu)(chu)點(dian)間(jian)隙過大或繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)線(xian)圈短(duan)路、斷路，都使繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)點(dian)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)閉合，電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)開關(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路不(bu)(bu)通。 5．起(qi)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)故(gu)障包括電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)開關(guan)故(gu)障、換向器(qi)氧化(hua)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)刷(shua)接觸(chu)(chu)(chu)不(bu)(bu)良(liang)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)樞繞組和磁(ci)場(chang)繞組斷路、短(duan)路等。

　　電磁開關的故障主要是由于受強電流的作用，使觸點氧化，造成接觸不良。汽車配件鑄造廠家

　　電動機(ji)的(de)(de)故(gu)障使其內(nei)部無法形成(cheng)完(wan)整(zheng)的(de)(de)回路，因此(ci)起動機(ji)不(bu)轉。

　　淺議(yi)汽車起(qi)動/發電一體(ti)化(hua)技術(shu)的現狀與發展趨勢

　　車用(yong)起(qi)動(dong)機和發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機是兩(liang)個獨(du)立的電(dian)(dian)(dian)器設備,用(yong)于起(qi)動(dong)和發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian),起(qi)動(dong)/發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)一(yi)(yi)體(ti)化(hua)是將(jiang)起(qi)動(dong)與發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)能集于一(yi)(yi)體(ti),具有在(zai)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)流下起(qi)動(dong)轉矩大,在(zai)發(fa)動(dong)機轉速(su)范圍內,發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機功(gong)率大,效率高,體(ti)積小,適于安裝(zhuang)等優點。